AQUA MAG® TK and AQUA MAG®
C-10 polyphosphates are among the most effective sequestering
agents used to reduce stains, discoloration, and rusty water
caused by oxidized iron and manganese in source water. Carus
phosphates (sequestering agents) remove Fe, MN, Ca, and Mg
to maintain colorless soluble molecules that resist oxidation
caused by aeration, disinfection, storage, and transmission
of finished water. By sequestering raw water minerals at the
source, the demand for chlorine is reduced, resulting in less
chlorine consumption and improved water quality. |
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Like fingerprints, no two
potable water sources are the same. Carus Chemical Company
can help eliminate red and black water, prevent scaling, ensure
compliance with the Lead & Copper Rule, and solve other drinking
water quality headaches. By evaluating your key water quality
parameters like pH, hardness, iron, and manganese, and your
treatment objectives, such as elimination of red and black
water and corrosion control, Carus can use computer modeling
to select the most cost-effective product, determine dosing
requirements for sequesting agents, and predict performance.
Carus laboratory staff provides analytical services, feasibility
studies, and dosage evaluations for the specific requirements
of your water system. |
Naturally occurring iron and manganese contaminants are often
detected in groundwater supplies. A growing number of water
systems currently exceed the EPA Secondary Maximum Contaminant
Level (SMCL) of 0.3 mg/L of iron and 0.05 mg/L of manganese.
If these contaminants remain below the SMCL, or in their original
soluble form they may pass undetected through the water distribution
system. Above this level, soluble iron (Fe+2) and manganese
(Mn+2) will gradually react with dissolved oxygen, chlorine,
or oxidizing bacteria in the distribution system to form yellowish-orange
or brownish-black colored insoluble particulates. Calcium
(Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+2) also found in groundwater remain
soluble under most conditions, however they do react with
soap to form insoluble salts (soap scum). When heated, calcium
and magnesium form insoluble hard water scale.
Unsightly color, turbidity, and sediment will eventually
develop in the water. Scale deposits will form throughout
distribution mains unless the Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg is chemically
bound-up or suspended with sequestering agents. A single product,
such as AQUA MAG® C-10, or AQUA MAG® TK blended phosphate
would be selected based on specific water quality data (Fe,
Mn, Ca, pH, hardness, etc.) and treatment goals (e.g. scale,
corrosion inhibition, color control, etc.).
All phosphate ions are negatively charged particles (anions)
with an electronic attraction for oppositely charged positive
ions (cations) in the water or on a pipe surface. When soluble
cations such as Fe+2, Mn+2, Ca+2, or Mg+2 come in contact
with the polyphosphate anions, they react in various degrees
to form a coordinated molecular structure that remains soluble
in the water. As a result of this chemistry, application of
Carus polyphosphates into water will delay the oxidation,
color formation, and precipitation of metallic cations in
a water system.
Carus sequestering agents are injected via a chemical metering
pump at the wellhead prior to other chemical additives (chlorine,
fluoride, caustic soda, etc.). If permissible, these agents
are injected down the well casing to mix with groundwater
at the pump intake.
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